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      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  /dataverse-files/GRD-PCEECA-1990-2023-PSA-data-replication.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  21 Mar 2026, 19:59:12

. * Governmental Discrimination against Religious Minorities in the Post-Communist States of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 
> 1990-2023

. * Post-Soviet Affairs

. * Jonathan Fox (jonathan.fox@biu.ac.il), Marko Vekovic (marko.vekovic@fpn.bg.ac.rs), and Ariel Zellman (ariel.zellman@biu.ac
> .il) 

. 
. *********************************************************************************************

. * Table 1, Models for Linear Regressions, Robust SE clustered to Country-Religion *

. *********************************************************************************************

. 
. asdoc xtreg mmxx l.wzsocdisx l.lxx emajrel_pc_rcs group_pc_rcs zgdp_pcap_log zpop_log v2x_polyarchy v2regdur i.emajrelnewt  
> i.year, vce(cluster ccode_group) nested dec(3) tzok setstars(***@0.001, **@0.01, *@0.05) fs(10) font(CMU Serif) replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      5,648
Group variable: ccode_group                     Number of groups  =        182

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.3271                                         min =         15
     Between = 0.2364                                         avg =       31.0
     Overall = 0.2263                                         max =         33

                                                Wald chi2(42)     =     497.17
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                              (Std. err. adjusted for 182 clusters in ccode_group)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |               Robust
            mmxx | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       wzsocdisx |
             L1. |   .2300547   .0409495     5.62   0.000     .1497951    .3103143
                 |
             lxx |
             L1. |    .250725   .0755124     3.32   0.001     .1027234    .3987266
                 |
  emajrel_pc_rcs |   .0705816   .0182606     3.87   0.000     .0347914    .1063717
    group_pc_rcs |   .1305542   .0806822     1.62   0.106      -.02758    .2886883
   zgdp_pcap_log |  -1.894403   .7213142    -2.63   0.009    -3.308153   -.4806531
        zpop_log |   4.376101   .6853834     6.38   0.000     3.032775    5.719428
   v2x_polyarchy |  -6.491942   1.474711    -4.40   0.000    -9.382321   -3.601563
        v2regdur |  -.0002349   .0000591    -3.97   0.000    -.0003508   -.0001191
                 |
     emajrelnewt |
Other Christian  |  -1.964345   1.831285    -1.07   0.283    -5.553598    1.624908
         Muslim  |  -5.075542   1.442905    -3.52   0.000    -7.903584     -2.2475
                 |
            year |
           1992  |   1.003972   .5553796     1.81   0.071    -.0845523    2.092496
           1993  |   1.080028   .5414327     1.99   0.046     .0188394    2.141217
           1994  |   1.100794   .5319364     2.07   0.039     .0582177     2.14337
           1995  |   1.520093   .5124724     2.97   0.003     .5156658    2.524521
           1996  |   1.616322   .5133976     3.15   0.002     .6100816    2.622563
           1997  |   2.963122   .6794144     4.36   0.000     1.631494     4.29475
           1998  |   3.258201   .6803876     4.79   0.000     1.924665    4.591736
           1999  |   3.572681   .6933195     5.15   0.000       2.2138    4.931562
           2000  |   3.807008   .7128524     5.34   0.000     2.409843    5.204173
           2001  |   4.029829   .7343763     5.49   0.000     2.590478    5.469181
           2002  |   4.533397   .7581678     5.98   0.000     3.047416    6.019379
           2003  |   4.751239   .7833175     6.07   0.000     3.215965    6.286513
           2004  |   4.987176   .8358114     5.97   0.000     3.349016    6.625336
           2005  |   4.986633   .8645585     5.77   0.000     3.292129    6.681136
           2006  |   5.376982   .9161795     5.87   0.000     3.581304    7.172661
           2007  |   5.725282   .9853447     5.81   0.000     3.794042    7.656522
           2008  |   5.816986    1.00982     5.76   0.000     3.837775    7.796196
           2009  |   5.930178   1.003263     5.91   0.000     3.963818    7.896538
           2010  |   5.829194   1.018392     5.72   0.000     3.833183    7.825206
           2011  |   6.382776   1.069912     5.97   0.000     4.285788    8.479765
           2012  |    6.33674   1.051457     6.03   0.000     4.275923    8.397557
           2013  |    6.44295   1.076809     5.98   0.000     4.332443    8.553458
           2014  |   6.536528   1.097715     5.95   0.000     4.385045     8.68801
           2015  |   6.889024   1.130281     6.09   0.000     4.673713    9.104334
           2016  |   6.946963   1.191734     5.83   0.000     4.611208    9.282718
           2017  |   7.161159   1.222031     5.86   0.000     4.766022    9.556296
           2018  |   7.261326   1.244717     5.83   0.000     4.821725    9.700927
           2019  |   7.566971   1.319127     5.74   0.000      4.98153    10.15241
           2020  |   7.536011   1.297649     5.81   0.000     4.992667    10.07936
           2021  |   7.786257   1.366075     5.70   0.000     5.108799    10.46372
           2022  |   7.838524   1.361901     5.76   0.000     5.169247     10.5078
           2023  |     7.9748   1.419208     5.62   0.000     5.193204     10.7564
                 |
           _cons |  -49.51365   12.47276    -3.97   0.000     -73.9598   -25.06749
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
         sigma_u |  5.6671761
         sigma_e |  2.5943009
             rho |  .82674729   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg mmxx l.wzsocdisx l.lxx emajrel_pc_rcs group_pc_rcs zgdp_pcap_log zpop_log v2x_polyarchy v2regdur group_orth grou
> p_noorth group_jw group_mus i.year if emajrelnewt==1, vce(cluster ccode_group) nested dec(3) tzok setstars(***@0.001, **@0.0
> 1, *@0.05) fs(10) font(CMU Serif) append

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      2,575
Group variable: ccode_group                     Number of groups  =         83

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.4485                                         min =         17
     Between = 0.2123                                         avg =       31.0
     Overall = 0.2061                                         max =         33

                                                Wald chi2(44)     =     752.81
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 83 clusters in ccode_group)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |               Robust
          mmxx | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wzsocdisx |
           L1. |   .1691926   .0611601     2.77   0.006      .049321    .2890642
               |
           lxx |
           L1. |   .6311007   .1149236     5.49   0.000     .4058546    .8563469
               |
emajrel_pc_rcs |   .0252339   .0196206     1.29   0.198    -.0132219    .0636896
  group_pc_rcs |   .1307611   .0908177     1.44   0.150    -.0472384    .3087606
 zgdp_pcap_log |  -3.551649   1.259828    -2.82   0.005    -6.020866   -1.082432
      zpop_log |   3.355554   .4249125     7.90   0.000      2.52274    4.188367
 v2x_polyarchy |  -7.831374   1.915241    -4.09   0.000    -11.58518   -4.077569
      v2regdur |  -.0003237   .0000763    -4.24   0.000    -.0004732   -.0001741
    group_orth |   2.145849   3.091272     0.69   0.488    -3.912933    8.204631
  group_noorth |   3.232697   2.337327     1.38   0.167    -1.348379    7.813773
      group_jw |   6.632839   2.943718     2.25   0.024     .8632567    12.40242
     group_mus |   3.522054   2.618852     1.34   0.179    -1.610802     8.65491
               |
          year |
         1992  |   2.260005   .6372051     3.55   0.000     1.011106    3.508904
         1993  |   1.964193   .6902625     2.85   0.004     .6113031    3.317082
         1994  |   1.856922   .7166664     2.59   0.010     .4522818    3.261563
         1995  |   2.104311   .6989935     3.01   0.003     .7343088    3.474313
         1996  |   2.272927   .7042304     3.23   0.001     .8926605    3.653193
         1997  |   5.098464   .8664533     5.88   0.000     3.400247    6.796681
         1998  |   5.154708   .8218147     6.27   0.000     3.543981    6.765436
         1999  |   5.834116    .861558     6.77   0.000     4.145494    7.522739
         2000  |   6.041979   .8643495     6.99   0.000     4.347886    7.736073
         2001  |   6.273453   .8906761     7.04   0.000      4.52776    8.019146
         2002  |   7.222304   .9630679     7.50   0.000     5.334726    9.109883
         2003  |   7.349724   .9376055     7.84   0.000     5.512051    9.187396
         2004  |   7.904842   1.037083     7.62   0.000     5.872196    9.937488
         2005  |   7.800978   1.070813     7.29   0.000     5.702222    9.899733
         2006  |   8.170876   1.125393     7.26   0.000     5.965146    10.37661
         2007  |   8.725613   1.246741     7.00   0.000     6.282045    11.16918
         2008  |    8.80455   1.268046     6.94   0.000     6.319225    11.28987
         2009  |   8.556547   1.247816     6.86   0.000     6.110873    11.00222
         2010  |    8.43385   1.277378     6.60   0.000     5.930235    10.93746
         2011  |   8.620446   1.363233     6.32   0.000     5.948557    11.29233
         2012  |    8.47976   1.295801     6.54   0.000     5.940036    11.01948
         2013  |   8.669295    1.35838     6.38   0.000      6.00692    11.33167
         2014  |   8.651704   1.389478     6.23   0.000     5.928377    11.37503
         2015  |   9.261602   1.409282     6.57   0.000     6.499459    12.02374
         2016  |   9.459859   1.538808     6.15   0.000     6.443851    12.47587
         2017  |    9.84851   1.612031     6.11   0.000     6.688986    13.00803
         2018  |   9.920247   1.641237     6.04   0.000     6.703482    13.13701
         2019  |   10.64394   1.791399     5.94   0.000     7.132863    14.15502
         2020  |   10.53271   1.747047     6.03   0.000      7.10856    13.95686
         2021  |   11.04869    1.89708     5.82   0.000     7.330478     14.7669
         2022  |   11.21543   1.906253     5.88   0.000     7.479242    14.95162
         2023  |   11.71821   2.036387     5.75   0.000     7.726961    15.70945
               |
         _cons |  -23.86227   9.525268    -2.51   0.012    -42.53145   -5.193084
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  5.0144637
       sigma_e |  2.5474903
           rho |  .79485385   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg mmxx l.wzsocdisx l.lxx emajrel_pc_rcs group_pc_rcs zgdp_pcap_log zpop_log v2x_polyarchy v2regdur group_orth grou
> p_noorth group_jw group_mus i.year if emajrelnewt==2, vce(cluster ccode_group) nested dec(3) tzok setstars(***@0.001, **@0.0
> 1, *@0.05) fs(10) font(CMU Serif) append

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,446
Group variable: ccode_group                     Number of groups  =         45

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.4871                                         min =         30
     Between = 0.0194                                         avg =       32.1
     Overall = 0.0382                                         max =         33

                                                Wald chi2(44)     =   1.28e+06
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 45 clusters in ccode_group)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |               Robust
          mmxx | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wzsocdisx |
           L1. |    .177532   .0479981     3.70   0.000     .0834574    .2716066
               |
           lxx |
           L1. |  -.0797966   .0690819    -1.16   0.248    -.2151946    .0556014
               |
emajrel_pc_rcs |   .0212662   .0148313     1.43   0.152    -.0078027    .0503351
  group_pc_rcs |  -.5710202   .0679939    -8.40   0.000    -.7042857   -.4377546
 zgdp_pcap_log |   -1.10886   1.121826    -0.99   0.323    -3.307598    1.089879
      zpop_log |   .0889297   .8063672     0.11   0.912    -1.491521     1.66938
 v2x_polyarchy |  -2.334756   .8546103    -2.73   0.006    -4.009762   -.6597508
      v2regdur |  -.0002797   .0000757    -3.69   0.000    -.0004281   -.0001313
    group_orth |   .1417654   1.559906     0.09   0.928    -2.915595    3.199125
  group_noorth |   3.703517   2.353572     1.57   0.116       -.9094    8.316433
      group_jw |    .644052   1.986113     0.32   0.746    -3.248659    4.536763
     group_mus |   2.267877   2.062572     1.10   0.272     -1.77469    6.310444
               |
          year |
         1992  |  -.2804164   .1830157    -1.53   0.125    -.6391207    .0782878
         1993  |  -.1431955   .1966887    -0.73   0.467    -.5286983    .2423074
         1994  |  -.0277171   .1853927    -0.15   0.881    -.3910801    .3356459
         1995  |   .4456456    .271395     1.64   0.101    -.0862788      .97757
         1996  |   .7966886   .2571045     3.10   0.002     .2927731    1.300604
         1997  |   .8939602    .313161     2.85   0.004     .2801759    1.507745
         1998  |   1.056675   .3463291     3.05   0.002     .3778823    1.735468
         1999  |    1.31851   .4068478     3.24   0.001     .5211026    2.115917
         2000  |   1.727489   .4618271     3.74   0.000     .8223241    2.632653
         2001  |   1.922969   .5110194     3.76   0.000     .9213897    2.924549
         2002  |   1.935162    .561866     3.44   0.001     .8339251    3.036399
         2003  |    2.05248   .6095821     3.37   0.001     .8577211    3.247239
         2004  |   2.147289   .6806881     3.15   0.002     .8131648    3.481413
         2005  |   2.357706   .7470546     3.16   0.002     .8935063    3.821907
         2006  |   2.564512   .8305513     3.09   0.002      .936661    4.192362
         2007  |   2.816445   .9017856     3.12   0.002     1.048977    4.583912
         2008  |   2.966951   .9375829     3.16   0.002     1.129323     4.80458
         2009  |    2.92902   .8569065     3.42   0.001     1.249514    4.608526
         2010  |   2.908203   .9058369     3.21   0.001     1.132795    4.683611
         2011  |   3.404429    .978798     3.48   0.001      1.48602    5.322837
         2012  |   3.432043   1.040093     3.30   0.001     1.393498    5.470588
         2013  |   3.545796   1.067974     3.32   0.001     1.452606    5.638986
         2014  |   3.666632   1.104615     3.32   0.001     1.501627    5.831636
         2015  |   3.885244   1.148716     3.38   0.001     1.633803    6.136686
         2016  |   3.831541   1.181064     3.24   0.001     1.516699    6.146384
         2017  |   3.990288   1.214521     3.29   0.001     1.609871    6.370705
         2018  |   4.245459   1.311497     3.24   0.001     1.674972    6.815945
         2019  |   4.396057   1.375646     3.20   0.001     1.699841    7.092274
         2020  |   4.222634   1.297436     3.25   0.001     1.679706    6.765562
         2021  |   4.426974   1.404309     3.15   0.002     1.674579    7.179369
         2022  |   4.671719   1.474534     3.17   0.002     1.781685    7.561753
         2023  |   4.589211   1.453714     3.16   0.002     1.739984    7.438438
               |
         _cons |   13.10796   16.80028     0.78   0.435    -19.81999     46.0359
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  3.2678733
       sigma_e |  .85223472
           rho |  .93631873   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg mmxx l.wzsocdisx l.lxx emajrel_pc_rcs group_pc_rcs zgdp_pcap_log zpop_log v2x_polyarchy v2regdur group_orth grou
> p_noorth group_jw group_mus i.year if emajrelnewt==3, vce(cluster ccode_group) nested dec(3) tzok setstars(***@0.001, **@0.0
> 1, *@0.05) fs(10) font(CMU Serif) keep(l.wzsocdisx l.lxx emajrel_pc_rcs group_pc_rcs zgdp_pcap_log zpop_log v2x_polyarchy v2
> regdur i.emajrelnewt group_orth group_noorth group_jw group_mus _cons) stat(chi2 p) append

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =      1,627
Group variable: ccode_group                     Number of groups  =         54

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.3335                                         min =         15
     Between = 0.4241                                         avg =       30.1
     Overall = 0.4029                                         max =         33

                                                Wald chi2(44)     =    2491.81
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 54 clusters in ccode_group)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |               Robust
          mmxx | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     wzsocdisx |
           L1. |   .3597893   .1228387     2.93   0.003     .1190299    .6005488
               |
           lxx |
           L1. |   .0557106   .2024557     0.28   0.783    -.3410952    .4525164
               |
emajrel_pc_rcs |   .0076306   .0360888     0.21   0.833    -.0631021    .0783633
  group_pc_rcs |   .1554516   .0694342     2.24   0.025     .0193631      .29154
 zgdp_pcap_log |  -1.876556   .7970731    -2.35   0.019    -3.438791   -.3143218
      zpop_log |   5.558697   1.295164     4.29   0.000     3.020221    8.097172
 v2x_polyarchy |   -8.14845   5.525928    -1.47   0.140    -18.97907    2.682169
      v2regdur |   .0000145   .0001278     0.11   0.909     -.000236    .0002651
    group_orth |  -.0943114   2.699469    -0.03   0.972    -5.385172     5.19655
  group_noorth |   7.149289   2.495914     2.86   0.004     2.257387    12.04119
      group_jw |   9.435312    2.74046     3.44   0.001      4.06411    14.80651
     group_mus |   7.894664   3.151943     2.50   0.012     1.716969    14.07236
               |
          year |
         1992  |   .4415325   2.447581     0.18   0.857    -4.355639    5.238704
         1993  |   .1327012   2.442707     0.05   0.957    -4.654917     4.92032
         1994  |  -.3035909   2.445035    -0.12   0.901    -5.095772     4.48859
         1995  |     .38875    2.50041     0.16   0.876    -4.511963    5.289463
         1996  |   .2139531   2.551113     0.08   0.933    -4.786136    5.214042
         1997  |   .7126916    2.44657     0.29   0.771    -4.082497     5.50788
         1998  |   1.367825   2.386087     0.57   0.566    -3.308821     6.04447
         1999  |   1.493035   2.343429     0.64   0.524    -3.100001    6.086071
         2000  |   1.677464   2.299746     0.73   0.466    -2.829955    6.184883
         2001  |   2.041867   2.201469     0.93   0.354    -2.272934    6.356668
         2002  |   2.566741   2.178628     1.18   0.239    -1.703291    6.836773
         2003  |   2.723232   2.138052     1.27   0.203    -1.467273    6.913736
         2004  |   2.733115   2.117664     1.29   0.197     -1.41743    6.883659
         2005  |   2.791774   2.077371     1.34   0.179    -1.279798    6.863345
         2006  |   3.381816   2.057002     1.64   0.100    -.6498345    7.413467
         2007  |    3.50858   2.063569     1.70   0.089    -.5359414    7.553102
         2008  |   3.653788    2.04573     1.79   0.074    -.3557687    7.663345
         2009  |   4.483219   1.891945     2.37   0.018     .7750742    8.191363
         2010  |   4.530082   1.796388     2.52   0.012     1.009225    8.050938
         2011  |   5.568304   1.599812     3.48   0.001      2.43273    8.703877
         2012  |   5.561055   1.541581     3.61   0.000     2.539612    8.582498
         2013  |   5.610238   1.559578     3.60   0.000     2.553522    8.666955
         2014  |   5.819088   1.554644     3.74   0.000     2.772042    8.866135
         2015  |    5.82729   1.509162     3.86   0.000     2.869387    8.785194
         2016  |   5.813932   1.508232     3.85   0.000     2.857852    8.770012
         2017  |    5.86545   1.516327     3.87   0.000     2.893502    8.837397
         2018  |   5.874744   1.524663     3.85   0.000      2.88646    8.863029
         2019  |   5.813452   1.532255     3.79   0.000     2.810287    8.816617
         2020  |   5.875822   1.540722     3.81   0.000     2.856062    8.895581
         2021  |   6.008276   1.594098     3.77   0.000     2.883901    9.132651
         2022  |    6.14936    1.69848     3.62   0.000       2.8204    9.478319
         2023  |   6.147217   1.706321     3.60   0.000     2.802889    9.491544
               |
         _cons |  -71.23353   20.43012    -3.49   0.000    -111.2758   -31.19123
---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       sigma_u |  4.3834744
       sigma_e |  3.1223666
           rho |  .66340401   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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